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The Tohono O'odham Nation is the collective government body of the Tohono O'odham tribe in the United States.〔 The Tohono O’odham Nation governs four separate pieces of land for a combined area of making it the second largest Native American land holding in the United States. These lands are located within the Sonoran Desert of south central Arizona and are directly exposed to the Mexico–United States border for along its southern border. The Nation is organized into 12 local districts and employs a tripartite system of government. Sells, Arizona is the Nation's largest community and functions as its capital. The Nation has approximately 28,000 enrolled members, the majority of who live off the reservations. ==History== In 1874, President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant signed an executive order creating the San Xavier Indian Reservation, surrounding the 18th century Mission San Xavier del Bac. In 1882, President Chester A. Arthur signed an executive order creating the Gila Bend Indian Reservation as additional lands for the Tohono O’odham people. In 1916, a third reservation was created by executive order with Indian Oasis (now named Sells, Arizona) as its headquarters. In 1937, The Tohono O'odham Nation, then called the Papagos Tribe of Arizona, adopted their first constitution. In 1960, the Army Corps of Engineers completed construction of the Painted Rock Dam on the Gila River. Flood waters impounded by the dam periodically inundated approximately of the Gila Bend Reservation.〔 The area lost by the tribe contained a farm and several communities. Residents were relocated to a parcel of land named San Lucy Village, near Gila Bend, Arizona. In January 1986, the enrolled members of the three reservations adopted a new tribal constitution that changed the tribe name from Papago Tribe of Arizona to the Tohono O'odham Nation and adopted a three-branch form of government. Also in 1986, the federal government and the Nation approved a settlement in which the Nation agreed to give up its legal claims in exchange for $30,000,000 and the right to add replacement land to its reservation. In 2009, the tribe announced that it had purchased approximately near Glendale, Arizona. The city of Glendale and the Gila River Indian Community opposed attempts to develop the land though court challenges and supporting a measure passed by the Arizona House of Representatives which would allow the city of Glendale to incorporate land owned by the tribe, thereby making the land ineligible for inclusion within the reservation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/1410/all-actions/ )〕, after a change of heart, the city of Glendale has been negotiating with the Nation over its proposed West Valley casino. A recent congressional development is the McCain-Franks bill, designed to prohibit the Glendale project and – in the process – would change federal law by unilaterally repealing critical parts of the Gila Bend Indian Reservation Lands Replacement Act, which was passed to settle a dispute over federal flooding of tribal reservation lands. In 2009, The Nation acquired of land near Why, Arizona with the intention of eventually creating a new district of the Tohono O'odham Nation for the Hia C-eḍ O'odham. On 30 October 30, 2012, a new tribal law created the Hia-Ced District as the new 12th district of the Tohono O'odham Nation.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tohono O'odham Nation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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